Wild Bill Hickok - Gunfighter of the Wild West

James Butler Hickok (May 27, 1837 - August 2, 1876), also known as Wild Bill Hickok was a legendary figure in the old west. He was known as a gunfighter and gambler who fought in the Civil War and was a scout for Custers Cavalry. He later became a lawman before settling down in Deadwood, South Dakota where he would soon meet his death.   Early Years James Hickok was born in Homer (todays Troy Grove), Illinois in 1837 to William Hickok and Polly Butler. Not much is known about his early education, though he was known as an excellent marksman. In 1855, Hickok left Illinois and the Jayhawkers, a vigilante group in Kansas. At that time, Bleeding Kansas was in the middle of tremendous violence as pro- and anti-slavery groups fought over control of the state. Jayhawkers were fighting for Kansas to become a free state, not allowing slavery in its borders. It was while Hickok was a Jayhawker that he first met Buffalo Bill Cody. He would work with him again in later years.   Pony Express Incidents In 1859, Hickok had joined the Pony Express, a mail service that delivered letters and packages from St. Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California. While delivering freight in 1860, Hickok was injured when he was attacked by a bear. After a fierce struggle that left Hickok gravely wounded, he was finally able to slit the bears throat. He was removed from duty and eventually sent to Rock Creek Station to work in the stables.   On July 12, 1861, an incident occurred that would begin Hickoks claim to fame.  While employed at the Rock Creek Pony Express Station in Nebraska he got into a gunfight with an employee looking to collect his pay. Wild Bill may have shot and killed McCanles and wounded two other men. He was acquitted at the trial. However, there is some question on the validity of the trial because he worked for the powerful Overland Stage Company. Civil War Scout With the start of the Civil War in April, 1861, Hickok joined the Union army. His name was listed as William Haycock at this time. He fought in the Battle of Wilsons Creek on August 10, 1861, acting as a scout for General Nathaniel Lyon, the first Union general to die in the war. The Union forces were slaughtered and the new general, Major Samuel Sturgis, led the retreat. He was discharged from the Union Army in September 1862. He spent the rest of war either acting as a scout, spy, or police detective in Springfield, Missouri.   Gaining a Reputation as a Fierce Gunfighter Hickok was part of the first recorded fast draw gunfight on July 1, 1865 in Springfield, Missouri. He fought with a former friend and gambling partner who had turned into a rival named Dave Tutt. There is a belief that part of the reason behind the rift in their friendship had to do with a woman they both liked. When Tutt called in a gambling debt that he said Hickok owed him, Hickok refused to pay the full amount saying that Tutt had it wrong. Tutt took Hickoks watch as collateral against the full amount. Hickok warned Tutt that he should not wear the watch or he would be shot. The next day, Hickok saw Tutt wearing the watch in the square in Springfield. Both men fired simultaneously, but only Hickok hit, killing Tutt. Hickok was tried and acquitted for this gunfight on the grounds of self defense. However, his reputation in the minds of those living in the east was settled when he was interviewed for Harpers New Monthly Magazine. In the story, it was stated that he had killed hundreds of men. While newspapers out west printed corrected versions, this cemented his reputation.   Life as a Lawman In the old west, the move from one on trial for murder to lawman was not that far. In 1867, Hickok began his career as a US Deputy Marshall at For Riley.  He acts as a scout for Custers 7th Calvary. His exploits are exaggerated by writers and he only adds to his own growing legend with tales of his own. In 1867, according to a story told by James WIlliam Buel in Life and Marvelous Adventures of Wild Bill, the Scout  (1880), Hickok was involved in a gunfight with four men in Jefferson County, Nebraska. He killed three of them and wounded the fourth, while only receiving a wound to his own shoulder.   In 1868, Hickok was attacked by a Cheyenne war party and injured. He was acting as a scout for the 10th Calvary.  He returned to Troy Hills to recover from the wound.  He then acted as a guide for Senator Wilsons tour of the plains. At the end of the job he received his famous ivory handled pistols from the Senator. In August, 1869, Hickok was elected to be the  Sheriff of Ellis County, Kansas. He wound up shooting two men while in office. They were seeking to gain fame by killing Wild Bill. On April 15, 1871, Hickok was made the marshal of Abilene, Kansas. While Marshal, he had dealings with a saloon owner named Phil Coe. On  October 5, 1871, Hickok was dealing with a violent crowd in the streets of Abilene when Coe fired two shots. Hickok tried to arrest Coe for shooting his pistols, when Coe turned his gun on Hickok. Hickok was able to get his shots of first and kill Coe. However, he also saw a figure approaching from the side and shot two more times, killing a man. Unfortunately, this was  Special Deputy Marshal Mike Williams who was trying to help him. This led to Hickoks being relieved of his duties as Marshal.   Wandering Lawman and Showman From 1871 to 1876, Hickok wandered around the old west, sometimes employed as a lawman. He also spent a year with Buffalo Bill Cody and Texas Jack Omohundro in a travelling show called Scouts of the Plains.   Marriage and Death Hickok decided to settle down on March 5, 1876 when he married Agnes Thatcher Lake, who owned a circus in Wyoming. The pair decided to move to Deadwood, South Dakota. Hickok left for a time to try and earn money by mining for gold in the Black Hills of South Dakota. According to her Martha Jane Cannary, a.k.a. Calamity Jane, became friends with Hickok around June 1876. She said that he spent the summer in Deadwood.   On August 2, 1876, Hickok was at the Nuttal   Manns Saloon in Deadwood where he was playing a game of poker. He was sitting with his back to the door when a gambler named Jack McCall came into the saloon and shot Hickok in the back of the head. Hickok was holding a pair of  black aces, black eights, and a jack of diamonds, forever to be known as a dead mans hand. McCalls motives are not completely clear, but Hickok might have upset him the day before.  According to McCall himself at his trial, he was avenging his brothers death who he said was killed by Hickok. Calamity Jane stated in her autobiography that is was she who first captured McCall after the murder: I at once started to look for the assassin [McCall] and found him at Shurdys butcher shop and grabbed a meat cleaver and made him throw up his hands, because through the excitement of hearing of Bills death having left my weapons on the post of my bed. However, he was acquitted at his initial miners trial. He was later rearrested and tried again, this being allowed because Deadwood was not a legitimate US town. McCall was found guilty and hanged in March, 1877.

Nature and the Free Flow of Emotion - 1230 Words

William Wordsworth said, â€Å"Come forth into the light of things, let nature be your teacher† (Brainy Quote). According to the poet, we can gain all the knowledge necessary in life from nature. Wordsworth’s poem, â€Å"The World Is Too Much With Us,† can best be interpreted to mean that people have become too wrapped up in worldly things and have lost all appreciation for what nature has to offer. William Wordsworth was born April 7, 1770 in Cockermouth, Cumberland in England’s Lake District which is why he is known as one of the â€Å"lake poets† of the Romantic Era. He lost his parents at a very young age and lost touch with his sister, Dorothy, because of it. Wordsworth was a very intelligent man who received his education from St. John’s College,†¦show more content†¦The sestet starts off with the use of alliteration to emphasize his rage when he exclaims, â€Å"Great God!† (9). Fralin interprets that the last 6 lines ar e an apostrophe to God in which Wordsworth expresses his anger toward the world. Wordsworth even goes as far as to say that he would rather be â€Å"A Pagan suckled in a creed outworn† (10) so that he may celebrate nature rather than a Christian who only sees nature as a tool for profit. The allusions to Proteus and Triton provides more support for the argument that even though Paganism is â€Å"a creed outworn† (10), a way of life long gone, at least they saw nature as something to be worshipped and made divine. He states that if this was the case, he would feel â€Å"less forlorn† (12) and there would be hope for nature to be seen as an element of beauty once again. Wordsworth uses many symbols to better argue his point that nature is not appreciated the way it used to be. â€Å"We have given our hearts away† (4). Our hearts symbolize the respect we once showed toward nature. Wordsworth uses a paradox by stating that this is â€Å"a sordid boon!† (4) or a foul gift. The elements Words worth talks about, the sea and wind, symbolize the power and beauty that nature has. It also symbolizes the longing for a restored connection between nature and man which is best shown by the sea and wind trying to attract the attention of man by, â€Å"baring her bosom† (5) and â€Å"howling at all hours† (6). The metaphor used to compare people to a musicalShow MoreRelatedA Long Way Gone By Emily Bronte1567 Words   |  7 PagesGustavo Leon Kathryn Overbeck ENC 1102 October 28, 2015 A Long Way Gone Emily Bronte and Paul Dunbar Have you ever had that feeling of wanting to free yourself from something, breaking the wall that holds you back, cutting the string that won’t let you go on and be free? Emily Bronte in her poem â€Å"The Caged Bird† and â€Å"Sympathy† by Paul Dunbar portray their feelings in their lyric poems. Bronte was born in 1818 in Yorkshire, England. 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The Water Painting Series is known to evoke many emotions and have different interpretations becauseRead MoreCommunication Essay619 Words   |  3 PagesComposition I Professor Willoughby Communication Essay Communication can be defined as the interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information (Communication, n.d.). When done properly this exchange of ideas supports and enhances the flow of new concepts, visions, and emotions. However, when there is a breakdown of communication it gives rise to confusion, judgment, and hurt feelings. Miscommunication is capable of causing unnecessary obstacles in many types of relationships such as friendships, workingRead More The Meaning of Abstract Art Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pagesharley.com/art/abstract-art/ ) The meaning of abstract art is, in its most simplified form, art that relies on the emotions of the artist and the elements of design rather than exact representation. This broad definition allows artists almost unlimited freedom of expression. Some abstract artists create compositions that have no precedent in nature. Other abstract artists work from nature and then interpret their subjects in a nonrepresentational manner. In other words, a s found on Wikipedia by AnswersRead MoreThe Meaning of Abstract Art1215 Words   |  5 Pagesharley.com/art/abstract-art/ ) The meaning of abstract art is, in its most simplified form, art that relies on the emotions of the artist and the elements of design rather than exact representation. This broad definition allows artists almost unlimited freedom of expression. Some abstract artists create compositions that have no precedent in nature. Other abstract artists work from nature and then interpret their subjects in a nonrepresentational manner. In other words, as found on Wikipedia by Answers

Law Enforcement and the Aging Process Free Essays

The mandatory separation clause, or forced retirement at a certain age for police officers was officially upheld in 1996, as the lobbying efforts of the Fraternal Order of Police were successful in pleading their case.   The group argued that mandatory separation should be enforced because of the physical requirements of the position. They believe that an officer’s ability to physically meet the demands placed his or her body at a certain age naturally diminish, which places the officer in imminent danger. We will write a custom essay sample on Law Enforcement and the Aging Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Jim Pasco, the FOP director, stated that â€Å"It’s not only harder to defend yourself, but think of the very strenuous nature of, for example, the foot chase.†Ã‚   (Kennedy, 2007) The director did admit, however that not all police departments choose to enforce mandatory separation based upon officers reaching a certain age, as many departments   believe it’s â€Å"harder to recruit new officers and expensive to train them.†Ã‚   (Kennedy, 2007) Pasco’s comments were in response to the November 2007 fatal shooting and death of Broward, Florida’s Deputy Paul Rein, age 76.  Ã‚   Many believe that the deputy’s death could have been prevented had the department enforced the mandatory separation policy state and local law enforcement agencies are allowed when an officer reaches a certain age.   While transporting a convicted armed robber to stand trial in another location the inmate gained control of the deputy’s fire arm and fatally shot the officer. Deputy Rein’s daily duty was to transport inmates between secure locations and according to the department this was a duty older officers could handle.   Rein was considered safe, as he transported the prisoners while riding in a secure vehicle that contained a locked cage.   Fellow officers however reported that they viewed Rein let the accused inmate out of a medical vehicle prior to his death, which put the officer in danger and violated department policy.   (Kennedy, 2007) Though most workers are protected by strict federal laws prohibiting discrimination based on age, there are some exceptions to the rule.   The Age Discrimination Act of 1967 (ADEA) is the federal government’s protection to employees over the age of 40 that work for a â€Å"regulated employer.†Ã‚   (Pellicciotti, 1991) The ADEA’s laws are not limited to those who hold a current position; these laws also provide protection during the hiring process, salary increases, promotions and more.   State and local government employees are excluded from much of the ADEA’s protection, as the government is not considered a regulated employer. Those workers are protected by the EEOC, which enforces the same discrimination laws.   Extreme limitations are placed on the civil servant – the state and local law enforcement officers and fire fighters, due to the demands of the position and taking into consideration the fact that age may limit an officer’s ability to perform.   (Pellicciotti, 1991) Law enforcement officers have limited protection under the ADEA, as the Act allows the government employer to â€Å"fail to hire or discharge the †¦law enforcement officers because of age† if specific stipulations are met.   (Pellicciotti, 1991) The ADEA allows the government employer to discriminate against law enforcement officers because of age if the action is taken â€Å"(1) with respect to the employment of an individual as a firefighter or as a law enforcement offers and the individual has attained the age of hiring or retirement† and â€Å"(2) pursuant to a bona fide hiring or retirement plan.†Ã‚   (Pellicciotti, 1991) The ADEA will protect officers if the retirement option presented to the civil servant is not legitimate. The ADEA’s definition of â€Å"employer† also excludes the federal government and, like the state and local government workers, these workers are covered under the EEOC.   The federal government established a mandatory separation clause specific to federal law enforcement officers, fire fighters and air traffic controllers.   Under 4 U.S.C Sec. 8335 (a), (b), (c) federal workers holding these three positions are required to comply with the mandatory separation policy established by the federal government and this clause is heavily enforced.   (Pellicciotti, 1991) Experts on both sides of the argument agree that the bottom line is employing the best possible law enforcement officers and fire fighters.   Many believe that the age limitation is non-existent, as Broward Sherriff’s Department spokesman Elliot Cohen stated â€Å"there are different roles that can be filled by individuals of all ages.†Ã‚   (Kennedy, 2007)   Still, the ADEA allows state and local law enforcement officers to be the exception to the rule; however in the case of officer Rein many have once again posed the question â€Å"is age the best proxy for reaching that goal?†Ã‚   (Kennedy, 2007) References Kennedy, K. (2007). Death of Deputy, 76, Raises Age Question. Gefunden am November 9, 2007 unter http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1A1-D8SQF39O0.html Pellicciotti, J. M. (1991). Exemptions and employer defenses under the ADEA. Public Personnel Management , 20 How to cite Law Enforcement and the Aging Process, Essays

Heroism Essay Research Paper Heroism is a free essay sample

Heroism Essay, Research Paper Heroism is a legendary and supernatural quality. The term was foremost applied to narratives concerned with knights, gallantry, and courtly love. Several love affairs trade with Alexander the Great, King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table, and Emperor Charlemagne. The Arthurian love affairs autumn into three wide groups. Some, such as Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, are narratives that involve the testing of a immature knight. Others, such as the Tristan und Isolt of Gottfried von Strassburg, describe the struggle between passion and responsibility. The 3rd group, exemplified by Chr tien de Troyes # 8217 ; s love affair Percival, is concerned with the hunt for the Holy Grail. Heroic tradition, is besides referred to as love affairs set in distant or fabulous topographic points and times, they stress escapade and supernatural parts. This type of gallantry was most recognized in the rennaisance. Although some historiographers consider him a fabulous figure, people believe that a historical Arthur may hold led the long opposition of Brittain against the encroachers. We will write a custom essay sample on Heroism Essay Research Paper Heroism is a or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Harmonizing to legend, Arthur was the boy of Uther Pendragon, male monarch of Britain. Kept in concealing during childhood, he was all of a sudden presented to the people as their male monarch. He proved a wise and valorous swayer. He gathered a great company of knights in his tribunal jobs of introducement were avoided by the usage of a unit of ammunition tabular array at assemblages. With his queen, Guinevere, he maintained a brilliant tribunal at Camelot, where the Brittians longest maintained their clasp. His wars and triumphs extended to the continent of Europe, where he successfully defied the forces of the Roman Empire until he was called place because of the Acts of the Apostless of his nephew Mordred, who had rebelled and seized his land. In the concluding B attle, in southwesterly England, the male monarch and the treasonist both fell, pierced by each other’s lances. Arthur was cryptically carried off to the fabulous island of Avalon to be healed of his lesions. ` When Arthur sought to make the knights of the unit of ammunition he asked Merlin # 8221 ; Espy me the most prowess and worship # 8221 ; . In order to be a knight you must sware to a codification of gallantry. Chivalry, the order of knighthood and, particularly, the codification of knightly behavior. . The beginnings of Knighthood The German warriors who overran Europe in the early Middle Ages fought on pes, but in the period between 700 and 1000 horse forces were created to oppose occupying Muslims, Vikings, and Magyars. Knighthood and gallantry, its belief and ideals, acquired a mystique that combined rich qualities, Christian virtuousnesss, and the courtly love of adult females. The ideal knight should be a adult male of art, trueness, and generousness like the heroes. In the eyes of the church, he should set his blade at the service of the hapless and destitute and particularly of the Crusades to the Holy Land. From southern France came the thought that a knight should function a lady whom he loved passionately, if hopelessly. A hero is some 1 who swares to make something braveries in order to do some one elses life better. In the Arthurian fable there is many great knights that are considered heros here a couple illustrations of Launcelot a knight of the unit of ammunition tabular array swaring to put on the line his life for Camelot and Lady Guenevere. This is from Launcelot to Arthur # 8220 ; All of what you desire will be done for I am a true knight # 8221 ; . Another promise but this one is to Lady Guenevere # 8220 ; Fair demoiselle I shall non neglect you by the grace of God # 8221 ; . Person who can do apromise like this definetly proves you # 8217 ; re a hero.

The effects of proper waste segregation free essay sample

Recent scientific studies reveal that human activities have contributed significantly to the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that causes climate change. One of these human activities is the irresponsible disposal of garbage. Philippines is looming with garbage problems despite the passage of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act or the Republic Act (RA) 9003. Based on the data from the National Solid Waste Commission last first quarter of 2007, there are 677 open dumpsites, 343 controlled dumps, and 21 landfills in the country. An additional 307 dump sites are subject for closure or rehabilitation plans but without definite schedules for enforcement. About 215 additional landfills are being proposed to be set up nationwide. But according to studies, landfills and open dumpsites contributed 34 percent of human-related methane emissions to the atmosphere which has more heat-trapping power than carbon dioxide. Thus, these landfills and open dumps are illegal under RA 9003. Another government program used in the reduction of waste is by using incinerators that have significantly higher levels of greenhouse gas emissions than a coal-fired power when all of the carbon coming out of an incinerator stack is measured. We will write a custom essay sample on The effects of proper waste segregation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These emissions are banned by the country’s Clean Air Act. Failure to act on garbage contributes to the death of at least two persons every minute due to complications from environmental management program. Mismanagement of waste has serious environmental consequences: ground and surface water contamination, local flooding, air pollution, exposure to toxins and spread of disease. Proper waste segregation and disposal is more effective when it started in each individual in the school, house, offices, and community. OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH The main objective of the research is to measure the effectivity of an alternative waste management which is the proper waste segregation and disposal of 4th year students in Geronima Cabrera National High School. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The research sought to answer the following questions: 1. How much garbage does the 4th year students of GCNHS produce within one week? 2. When applying the proper waste segregation and disposal in the 4th year students of GCNHS, how much garbage thrown in the dumpsite within one week? SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH The research shows the importance of proper waste segregation and disposal in minimizing the garbage thrown in the dumpsites that contributed significantly in air and water pollution. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE RESEARCH The research covers only the amount of waste thrown by the 4th year students of Geronima Cabrera National High School within one week in the school respectively and the result of waste production when applying the proper waste segregation and disposal for one week. In addition, the research also shows the ways II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Generating waste is almost unavoidable in todays world. Properly segregating and disposing of your waste not only reduces the amount of toxins that enter the atmosphere, you may even save someones life. Not all wastes are equal and some are so dangerous that they fall into a category all their own: hazardous waste. You can easily reduce all types of waste with changes in your habits, and even save some money in the process. Garbage is a never ending cycle. Every day each household produces a significant amount of trash. The more we consume the more garbage we incur. Garbage disposal has been a monumental problem ever since. Properly disposing of waste is not just a personal responsibility; some kinds of waste, usually hazardous, must be properly disposed of according to law set forth by the Environmental Protection Agency. Toxic waste can seep into the ground and contaminate our water supplies, and sometimes cause widespread disease. Even non-toxic waste causes pollution that contributes to global warming and a general negative impact on the public health. EPA studies suggest that global warming could make earth almost inhospitable by the end of the century. III. METHODOLOGY The research was done within two weeks. First week, the researcher gathered the garbage produced by the four sections of 4th year students of GCNHS for five days and measured its amount by using twenty-five sacks. In the following week, the researcher gathered the garbage produced by the same group of students within one week but by this time the waste are segregated into biodegradable and non-biodegradable. The biodegradable wastes are place in the compost pit and the non-biodegradable is properly segregated into plastic wrappers and plastic bottles. The plastic wrappers are recycled into pillows and transformed into some decoration. IV. FINDINGS For the first week, segregation and disposal of waste is not applied. The amount of trash collected in the 4th year students of GCNHS within one week is shown in the table below. The data in table 1 and in figure 1 are the total amount of garbage generated within one week that was disposed in the municipal dumpsite. Table 2 shows the data of the amount of waste in which proper waste segregation and disposal is applied within one week. The total amount of biodegradables is placed in the compost pit while the non-biodegradables are being segregated into its classifications such as plastic bottles, plastic wrappers and cellophanes. Some non-biodegradables are being recycled like plastic wrappers and plastic bottles. The remaining non-biodegradables which cannot be recycled are being thrown away in the dumpsite. Day (March 11-15, 2013) Amount of Garbage disposed (measured using empty 25 kg. sack) Monday 0. 5 Tuesday 1 Wednesday 0. 75 Thursday 0. 75 Friday 0. 5 Total 3. 5 Table 3 Table 3 shows the amount of garbage disposed per day. Using the method of proper waste segregation and disposal, the total amount of waste disposed in a week decreased to 24. 14% of the total amount and saved up to 75. 86% of garbage that are recycled instead of throwing away. Figure 3 Figure 3 shows the comparison of the data or garbage disposed per week. Without using the proper waste segregation and disposal all garbage generated on a certain week was disposed. Using proper waste segregation and disposal method only 24. 14 percent of the total waste generated was disposed V. CONCLUSION We can’t deny the fact that one of the big problems in every country is the waste management. Mismanagement of the garbage will cause serious illness that harms the health of human being. The research effectively indicates that the total amount of waste generated in the schools, communities, cities and throughout the country can be reduce by using the proper waste segregation and disposal.

How to Open a Genealogy GEDCOM File

How to Open a Genealogy GEDCOM File If youve spent much time online researching your family tree, then it is likely that youve either downloaded a GEDCOM file (extension .ged) from the Internet or received one from a fellow researcher. Or you may have an old GEDCOM file on your computer from research you entered years ago into a now-defunct family history software program. In other words, you have a nifty family tree file which may contain vital clues to your ancestors and your computer cant seem to open it. What to do? Open a GEDCOM File Using Stand-Alone Genealogy Software These instructions will work to open GEDCOM files in most family tree software programs. See your programs help file for more specific instructions. Launch your family tree program and close any open genealogy files.In the top: powellgedcomClick Save or Import.The program may then ask you to make a few choices regarding the import of your GEDCOM file. Just follow the directions. If youre not sure what to select, then just stick with the default options.Click OK.A confirmation box may appear stating that your import was successful.You should now be able to read the GEDCOM file in your genealogy software program as a regular family tree file. Upload a GEDCOM File to Create an Online Family Tree If you dont own family tree software, or prefer to work online, you can also use a GEDCOM file to create an online family tree, allowing you to easily browse the data. However, if you have received a GEDCOM file from someone else, you should be sure to get their permission before using this option as they may not wish the information they have shared with you to be available online. Most online family trees do offer the option to create a completely private tree (see below). Some online family tree builder programs, most notably Ancestry Member Trees and MyHeritage, include an option to start a new family tree by importing a GEDCOM file. From the Upload a Family Tree page on Ancestry, click on the Browse button to the right of Choose a file. In the window that comes up, browse to the appropriate GEDCOM file on your hard drive. Select the file and then click the Open button.  Enter a name for your family tree and accept the submission agreement (read it first!).From the main MyHeritage page, select Import Tree (GEDCOM) under the Get Started button. Navigate to the file on your computer and click Open. Then select Get Started to import the GEDCOM file and create your family tree (dont forget to read the Service Terms and Privacy Policy!). Both Ancestry.com and MyHeritage.com offer options to create a completely private online family tree, viewable only by you, or the people you invite. These are not the default option settings, however, so if you want a private family tree you will need to take a few extra steps. See What are the Privacy Options for My Family Site? on MyHeritage or Privacy for Your Family Tree on Ancestry.com for step-by-step instructions.

Debate the merits and problems of oil nationalisation for Iran Essay

Debate the merits and problems of oil nationalisation for Iran - Essay Example This paper will analyze the various merits and problems that faced Iran as a result of nationalization of its oil industry. Structure of the Paper The basic structured in a manner that its initial page provides a cover page detailing basic information on the paper such as the name, course and institution that the writer attends. A concise thesis statement follows there after and provides a brief highlight of what the paper is essentially all about. The main body of the paper is characterized by an adequate description of the turbulent nationalization of the oil industry in Iran, This is followed by a detailed outline that Iran stood to actually gain from the Nationalization of its oil industry as well as the eventual demerits of the country’s oil nationalization program. All the different sections and subsections of the paper have been adequately outlined by preceding relevant headings. These headings serve to provide a brief overview of what that particular section of the pap er is all about. What is Nationalization? The concept of nationalization can broadly be defined as the general process where by a state or government takes into public ownership the overall running of a private industry or assets that had previously been perceived to be private. Although the concept of nationalization is usually seen to refer mostly to the taking over of private assets by the government, in some instances, it can also be seen to refer to taking the taking control of some of the assets that are normally controlled by the lower levels of a given government. When this form of nationalization occurs, it usually results in lower government assets such as municipalities being effectively owned and operated by the state. History of Nationalization Concerns as to the effects of nationalization were seen to be largely prevalent during the most part of the twentieth century. This concern was mainly as a result of the increased and aggressive nationalization of most of most of the industries in Europe by the various socialist and communist governments. During the 1960s through to the 1970s that there was the emergence of a myriad of newly independent governments all over Africa, Latin America and Asia that sought to take over the operations of the foreign-owned business enterprises that operated in their countries. During the process of nationalization of various industries, there always emergences various questions relating to the establishment of if there was adequate compensation paid out to the owners of the previously private industries during the nationalization process (Schaffer, Agusti and Earle, 2009, p. 606). Soon after the concept behind communism started dying out late in the 1980s, most of the governments that had initially taken to nationalizing their various industries were seen to run these industries to the ground due to several factors. In a bid by most of these government to try and redeem this situation, most of these governments took to trying to sell nationalized assets to various private sectors organizations in a bid to try to privatize these assets by transferring the various assets that were owned by the government to the private sector’s control. This privatization of the previously nationalized business enterprises was basically a reversal of the nationalization-expropriation process. (Schaffer, Agusti and Earle, 2009, p. 606). The Iranian Oil Industry Oil was initially discovered in Iran in 1901 when William Knox D’

Online discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Online discussion - Essay Example With this in mind, the use of critical literacy is important for children’s learning and social development because this particular instructional approach enables the students to carefully examine and decode critical perspectives on texts they read. Through critical literacy, students are expected to understand how these texts could significantly influence and change their perspectives on how they should act as one of the members within the society. Dora is one of Mattel and Nickelodeon’s famous cartoon characters for female children. To ensure that the older Dora version will not create wrong perception on how teenage children should be like, the company exerted an effort to gather opinions from mothers who patronage Dora as a suitable toy for their children (SFGate, 2011). Q.2 What can adults do to support children’s critical literacy? Parents and adults have a significant role to play when it comes to children’s critical literacy. At a very young age, c hildren do not have the ability to distinguish the differences between good and bad image and action. In the absence of proper guidance from the adults, children can easily be influenced by what they see, hear, or read without actually knowing whether or not the thing they have absorbed is good.

Combining Nurse Leader with Advocacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Combining Nurse Leader with Advocacy - Essay Example Essentially, in keeping true to my beliefs and values, I aim to ensure that I am clear about the challenges that I can engage in, and the ones that are beyond my capabilities. Regardless of whether I take up a challenge or not, my aim is to make sure that I leave patients and colleagues in better conditions than I found them. Reflecting on my professional accountability, my aim is to always ensure that I carry out the duties that are allocated to me and ensure that I do not interfere with the duties of other medical professionals. Ideally, there are activities that a dialysis nurse is not allowed to engage in, depending on the institution, and I plan to adhere to the rules set by my seniors. Being a dialysis nurse, career planning for me involves deciding whether I would prefer to be administering dialysis in hospitals or in the homes of patients. Most of the times, nurses are not offered the option to choose between the two settings but if I could, I would prefer to be administering the dialysis in the homes of patients. This is because I am a very emphatic person and I like to identify with the personal lives of my patients. Being in their homes administering dialysis will give me the chance to build a good rapport with them and offer them support in the management of their condition. However, I am not very good at organizing things and may leave the patients’ room a bit messy, but that is something I am working on to improve my behavior. In my belief, being disciplined is all about ensuring that I do the things that I know I am supposed to do and not choosing to do only the things that favor me. My journey towards becoming a dialysis nurse will involve a lot of discipline, especially in terms of patience. Learning how to operate the dialysis machine will require a lot of patience so as to ensure that I do not endanger the lives of my patients. In the pre-service and

Examination Of The Organization Of Islamic Conference Politics Essay

Examination Of The Organization Of Islamic Conference Politics Essay The main purpose of these paper is to analyze the performance of the Organization of Islamic conference and find the way forward for the problems existing within the organization . In these paper I would take the prospect of being in charge of the organization of Islamic conference. These means that i will presuppose the position of the secretary general of the organization of Islamic conference ( OIC). While taking that imaginary post , ill be briefly discussing on the origins of the international relations, what were the main reasons for its establishment . In addition, ill be engaging in an in-depth analysis of its achievements , drawbacks . Subsequently, ill develop an practical and implementable solution on three major important arenas The International politics and diplomacy, the educational arena and economical and financials spheres. Introduction: Islamic Thought on International Relation. Its undeniably true that the concepts of politics, diplomacy and international relation realms can be traced back to the ancient Islamic history. Its clearly evident such phenomenon existed during the prophets (p.b.u.h) reign when he had treaties with the Jews, Christians from Najran  [1]  and Aqabah  [2]  , these continued to the times of the four rightly guided caliphates to Umayyad dynasty to Fatimid Dynasty and so on. Also these was under the Islamic concept and umbrella of ummah, which means the community of believers that consists of all Muslim nations and races. The fall of the Ottoman Islamic empire and other many different dynasties across the globe, paved a way to the adoption of the European and western ideology of the state system. Nationalism became the frontier which defined a nation rather than their religious affiliations. The belief and principle of the Islamic ummah was gradually vanishing from the Islamic Nations. Its irrefutable that this was orchestrated by the west for the primary purpose of stopping the dominance of Islam as religion. So by introducing these new concept of state system, it will divide the Islamic ummah into different countries and their citizens would pledge their allegiance to the state rather than the Islamic Ummah. These caused tensions, divides, competitions amongst Muslim nations hence resulting into current unfortunate situation. On the occasion of rising of the modern state system, many Muslim scholars argued back and forth on whether the concept of a nation come to blows with the universality and the unity of Islamic ummah. Many have provided evidence in support of the assertion they can co-exist while many have refuted and give a counter arguments on that case. Muslim thinkers, such as Allama Muhammad Iqbal argued on the basis that Islam provides with the model for human unity and so long as the Muslims believe in the oneness of Allah (Tawheed) ; then, nationalism can co-exist with the principle of Islamic Ummah. Origin of the Organization of Islamic Conference ( OIC). With the modern world order resulting to a rapid rise and continual impact of the western political and economic dominance throughout the muslim nations, some of the muslim thinkers and scholars developed the theory of Pan-Islamism.  [3]  These started from early nineteenth century with scholars such as Mohamed Abdou, Jamaldin Al-Afghani and similar like them. Many attempts of instituting an International islamic body failed miserably. However, it came to fruition in the 1960s and this was through the tenacious adherence and firm believe by the different muslim leaders in that era in having a united front of Muslims. Despite the difference and the existence of the fundamentalists, socialists , nationalists and secularists in the muslim states this was finally achieved. The establishment of the organization of Islamic conference came shortly after the historic event of the Arab-Israel conflict of 1967. Israel as a very small nation was able to crush bigger Islamic and Arab nation such as Jordan, Syria and Egypt. These sent shockwaves through the entire muslim world. The Israelis were able to occupy and take over the third holiest site of Islam, masjid al-aqsa. Afterward this was followed by the criminal and despicable event of blazing down some part of the holy mosque on 21st August 1969. Immediately the muslim leaders called for a quick historical summit which took place in Rabat, Morocco on the 25th September 1969. Ever since the formation of the OIC, it became the second largest inter-governmental organization after the United Nation with fifty seven member states around the world. These was true success and the organization became the voice of the muslim through the world and it ensured to uphold and protect the interest of Islam and the muslims in the firm believe and spirit of promoting peace, harmony and unity among the various diverse people in the world. In March of 1970, the first Islamic conference of foreign ministers was held in Jeddah and through this meeting Jeddah was selected as the headquarters of OIC, pending the liberation of Jerusalem which would be the permanent headquarters of OIC. As well, the role of permanent general secretariat was set up which the main is to ensure an effective cooperation among member state and to co-ordinate their actions. Two years later, the Islamic conference of foreign ministers meeting for the third session adopted the charter of the institute whose main aim was to strengthen the cooperation, smooth cohesion and solidarity amongst the member states in the political, economical, scientific, social and cultural grounds. Objectives of Organization of Islamic Conference ( OIC) Under the Charter, the organization of Islamic conference aims to achieve the following ; Strengthen the Islamic solidarity among member states. Coordinate action to safeguard the holy site of Islam. Strengthen cooperation amongst member states in the political, economic, scientific, social and cultural fields. Strengthen the struggle of all muslim people to safeguard their dignity, independence and national rights. Coordinate action to support the struggle of the Palestinian people and assisting them in recovering their rights and liberating their occupied territories. Work to eliminate racial discrimination and all forms of colonialism. Work to create a favourable atmosphere for the cooperation and understanding between member states and other countries, parties, and organizations. The charters also spells out some fundamental principles which governs the activities of OIC. To name a few are the full equality amongst member states, the non interference with the internal affairs of member states, the observation of independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of each state. And also a major Islamic principle that exists and is clearly stipulated in the OIC charter is the settlement of any dispute that might arise between the member states by peaceful means such as negotiations, mediation, conciliation and arbitration. This mentioned in the holy Quran in surratul hujjarat [49:7-10] But Allah has endeared the faith to you and has made it seemly in your hearts, and He has made hateful to you unbelief and transgression and disobedience; these it is that are the followers of a right way. By grace from Allah and as a favor; and Allah is Knowing, Wise. And if two parties of the believers quarrel, make peace between them; but if one of them acts wrongfully towards the other, fight that which acts wrongfully until it returns to Allahs command; then if it returns, make peace between them with justice and act equitably; surely Allah loves those who act equitably. The believers are but brethren, therefore make peace between your brethren and be careful of (your duty to) Allah that mercy may be had on you. (49:7-10) Structure and Organs of the Organization of Islamic Conference The organization consists of the followings. The Islamic Summit This the highest decision and policy making organ, its attended by the heads of states of governments and usually they met every three years. The Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers During the three year interval between the summits, these organ members meet to watch over the implementation of decisions taken by the head of states. The Permanent Secretariat These is the executive organ of the OIC which is delegated to handle the day to day activities of the organization. Standing committees. In furtherance of coordinating and boosting the organizations action and bring into line to its view points and stands, the organization has created different standing committees which are chaired by the heads of states. i.e Al-quds Committee, Islamic committee for economic, cultural and social affairs etc. Subsidiary Organs These include the statistical, economic and social research and training center for Islamic countries etc. Specialized Institutions. These includes the Islamic development bank (IDB) , Islamic states broadcasting organization (ISBO) etc Affiliated Institutions These includes the Islamic chamber of commerce and industry (ICCI), Islamic committee of the international crescent (ICIC). C ) The Achievements and Drawbacks of Organization of Islamic Conference One of the major strengths of the OIC is the institutional architecture and the charter itself. With that being a strength OIC was able to achieve a lot of success despite their dormancy in the last fifteen years. With the new general secretary Professor Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu of Turkey who came in by a voting system. Some of the recent achievements done by organizational Islamic conference is initiating the goldstone report which in turn lead to the international condemnation of the Israel government assault on Gaza .Politics is about perception and the organization of Islamic conference must be credited for putting forth the truth of the matter in Palestine and thus wiping off the perception of Israel the occupier as being innocent. A second major achievements was initiation of the Islamic conference humanitarian affairs department in 2008. During the tsunami disaster they extended help to more than 10,000 orphans. And even before the inception of this department some of the philanthropic work they did can be traced by during the end of Balkan war. Many muslim Bosnians were uprooted from their country of birth and were homeless. The OIC setup a fund named the fund for return of the Bosnians refugees which was located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Also in june of 2007 it jointly organized with the state of Qatar an international donors conference for the republic of Niger to help and beef up the food shortages suffered by the muslim in that state. Also they engaged extensively in other poverty alleviation programs in countries such as Somalia. Despite these achievements, the organization of Islamic conference has had a lot of drawbacks and short comings since its inception. A major weakness is the running of the organization with a short-string budget that comes from mandatory payments from some of the member states. The budget isnt enough for the scope of activities which is to be done and its numerous committees. These is majorly caused by the poor state of the majority of the OIC members states whereby almost half of them are ranked the in lower position in the GDP  [4]  per capita and GNP  [5]  per capita indexes. The lack of enough fund has crippled the OIC in terms of helping to develop the educational standards amongst its member states, the funding of research and developments programs. Early, I mentioned that the institutional architecture as being impressive and as a major strength but I have to point out that still there is insufficiency in it. A main point is the lack of any kind of representative form of leadership and this one echoes the deficit of democracy in the muslim states. A disappointing record mainly characterized by infighting, power struggles and failure to articulate a clear and consistent policies. Further another core problem came from the highest decision making organ named the conference of kings and heads of state. In every summit their work was opaque to the public scrutiny. Furthermore, not until recently the organization had a little contact or cooperation with other nongovernmental or inter-governmental organization in the world such as the united nation. Organization of Islamic Conference has failed miserably on their initial objective of coordinating actions to safeguard the holy site of muslims and Islam. Also one of the founding directives they failed is in the strengthening the struggle of all muslim people to safeguard their dignity, independence and national rights despite it being This hasnt been the case with Afghanistan, Iraq and mostly Palestine. Verbal condemnation is not enough but a rather action is required on these cases. The concerns has been reiterated and the main objectives have been reaffirmed countless times at different meeting forums but the organization has achieved little in the way of material change. Practical and Implementable solutions to the advancement of OIC. If you want to achieve and reach at a desired goal and you havent done it after some period of time has elapsed. Then first you need urgently to revise yourself, your actions, study your surroundings, admit any flaws and mistakes, highlight the drawbacks. Only then you can find solutions as to what has made you deviate from your path of reaching your desired goals. With these done you can formulate a better strategy to attain the new desired targets. Same is the case with the organization of Islamic conference, if I was in charge I would do similar steps in finding the solutions to the current existing problems and then i can achieve the envisioned better future. In these part of the paper, I would be discussing on the possible solution on three dimension, the educational, economical and the political arenas. Firstly, the economical arena is a major issue for the OIC member states. Almost half of the member states in OIC are performing badly in all indicators of economy. There are several propositions that can be done for the member state in order to shoot up their economy. Financial sectors, tourism sector, increasing multilateral trades, and allowing foreign direct investments. To start with the tourism sector, the diversity around them and their rich geographical and cultural heritage makes them bear up a remarkable tourism potential. Planning and organizing these sector will play a very considerable role in advancing the socio-economic development in these states. The challenges such as lack of technical know-how, poor promotional activities, lack of investment in the tourism sector in terms safety and diversification would be tackled by two way which are at a national level and organization level. At the national level sustainable tourism development should be included in their framework, while at the organization level joint programs and data networks should be established to reveal the opportunities and be made available for the member states. Another aspect of the economical arena is the financial and investment sector, as the general secretary I would encourage and initiate the establishment of Islamic an Islamic security exchange to be located in Istanbul, Turkey. This would help in intensifying the cooperation of their stock exchanges and also partly encourage foreign direct investments. Furthermore, this will create a common market for introducing and trading Islamic financial instruments and also increasing the participation of muslim countries in the international markets. Hence this will in turn increase the multinational trade amongst the member states. The direct impact of this will be the boost up in the gross domestic product of the countries invested in and the gross national product of the investor country. Secondly, its noticeable in the educational arena of the OIC members state thats their exists a very wide gap on the literacy level in the OIC member states compared to the other developed nation. They are lagging behind in terms of curriculum setup, the research and development, innovation and technology advancement. These can be related to the economical aspects but at the same time these countries are rich in resources and energy. And as earlier discussed, developing the tourism sector, increasing the multinational trade, and boosting of the economy would generate a great revenue for the member states. This can be channeled to the education sector especially to increase the number of institutions of higher learning whilst improving and reforming centers in preventing brain drains and also revising the curricula in all levels. In addition, encouraging the states to fund the research and development opportunities at the institutions of higher learning, muslim researchers and technicians should be employed. This will increase the chances of scientific breakthroughs from the muslim world through journals articles and high technological exports and imports. Additionally, there will be a review for all affiliated universities with the OIC. Lastly, the international politics and diplomacy strategies will be reviewed in order to match with the current politics. Developing a regional security that protects the interest of muslim nations is a must in the current times. Events of striking Gaza, Iraq, and Afghanistan has occurred in front of the Muslim eyes and yet nothing concerete has been done. Power matches power and as much as we want freedom, security should come along with. Finally binding all the muslim leaders and kings into one platform of accepting unity through diversity should be established. This would help in getting rid of sectarian divides and divides in ideologies.

The Information Age †Broadening the Gap between the Have’s and the Have Not’s :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Information Age – Broadening the Gap between the Have’s and the Have Not’s The rise of computer technology and the internet has had drastic impacts on how society now functions; it has become a major force in almost every aspect of society, from business, to entertainment, to education. The digital divide’s impact on education has completely changed the way students conduct their work, which has opened doors of knowledge for students that were once never considered possible, making the computer and internet an essential (and often the most important) tool for any student. But the rise of the availability of the computer and the internet has not been equally spread across the population, drastically disadvantaging some section, while giving other portions a somewhat unfair advantage. This is what is known as the digital divide, which is heavily present throughout North America , putting certain demographics at a disadvantage, while favouring others. The digital divide is formally defined as â€Å"the gap in Internet and computer usage between [the] rich and poor; anglos and minorities† (Straubhaar & LaRose, 5). This term became popular in the mid 1990’s, the same time as computers and the internet began to enter into mainstream society (Digital, 2004). The main minorities that are affected by the digital divide in North America are visible ethnic minorities, low-income families, the disabled, and the elderly. One of the main principles of the digital divide focuses on the every widening gap that is becoming more and more present across North America in the access and availability to computers and the internet. The reason why it is important to be aware of this gap is because the computer and the internet have become such an essential piece of what is now considered to be a ‘everyday’ technology. In developed countries, such as Canada and the United States ( North America ) computers and the internet have grown to become an almost essential technology. More and more jobs now require some sort of computer related knowledge or skills, especially in the professional field. Minorities are already under-represented in professional jobs, and the digital divide will help to continue that trend. If a certain minority group has little access to and knowledge of computers and the internet, they will be less likely to embrace it, and more likely to fear the technology, pushing them further down the ladder of ‘upward mobility’.